As we have seen in a previous article, 56Fe is among the nuclides with one of the highest binding energy per nucleon (The highest is 62Ni which was not on the chart, see note below) but How was it determined?
First, from this table of nuclides, we found that the stable isotope of iron (Iron/Fe-56) has 26 protons and 30 neutrons.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element having same atomic number (same number of protons) but different mass number. The atomic number of all the isotopes of iron is 26. But their masses are different. Naturally occurring iron (Fe) consists of 4 isotopes: 5.845% of radioactive 54Fe, 91.754% of stable 56Fe, 2.119% of stable 57Fe and 0.282% of stable 58Fe. Of which, 56Fe is the more common because it is the more common endpoint of fusion chains inside extremely massive stars.
The isotope 56 Fe is the isotope with the lowest mass per nucleon, 930.412 MeV/c 2, though not the isotope with the highest nuclear binding energy per nucleon, which is nickel-62. Fe: Atomic Number: 26: Atomic Mass: 55.845 atomic mass units Number of Protons: 26: Number of Neutrons: 30: Number of Electrons: 26: Melting Point: 1535.0° C: Boiling Point: 2750.0° C: Density. Iron Oxide (Fe 2 O 3) Iron Sulphide (FeS) Interesting facts: Iron is present in every cell in the body, but of it is found in the hemoglobin.
The mass of nuclides are measured with among other methods, mass spectroscopy. Mass spectroscopy is based on producing ions of the substance to analyze, accelerate the charged particles inside a magnetic field with a magnet and detect them with a detector, then the analyzer sort the ions by their mass-to-charge ratio. Of course, isotopes have different masses and because of F=ma, were a is constant inside the magnet, they will follow different trajectories.
The most common unit of mass at the nuclear level is not the kilogram, it is the atomic mass unit or dalton Da (u): defined as 1/12 of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon/C-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state.
Expressing atomic mass unit in terms of electronvolts or eV, requires the use of .
The mass of Iron/Fe-56 from the table of nuclides(1):
NOTE: This value if for the whole atom, not just the nucleus, that is, it also includes the electron masses (and less significantly their binding energies). One can use the mass of hydrogen, which thus includes the mass of one electron, instead of the mass of a proton when calculating the binding energy of the nucleus in order to get the correct result.
The mass of a proton:
The mass of a hydrogen atom:
The mass of a neutron:
The mass of an electron (it has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton):
Converting this into energy:
And thus, the binding energy per nucleon:
56 Fe Mass Number
NOTES:
* If you use the mass of the proton instead, you get which is not the correct value obviously
* The isotope 56Fe is the isotope with the lowest mass per nucleon (M(56Fe) in u/56 = 930.412 MeV/c2), though not the isotope with the highest nuclear binding energy per nucleon, which is nickel-62. However, because of the details of how nucleosynthesis works, 56Fe is a more common endpoint of fusion chains inside extremely massive stars and is therefore more common in the universe, relative to other metals which have a very high binding energy
Chemical properties of iron - Health effects of iron - Environmental effects of iron
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Iron can be found in meat, whole meal products, potatoes and vegetables. The human body absorbs iron in animal products faster than iron in plant products. Iron is an essential part of hemoglobin; the red colouring agent of the blood that transports oxygen through our bodies. |
Iron may cause conjunctivitis, choroiditis, and retinitis if it contacts and remains in the tissues. Chronic inhalation of excessive concentrations of iron oxide fumes or dusts may result in development of a benign pneumoconiosis, called siderosis, which is observable as an x-ray change. No physical impairment of lung function has been associated with siderosis. Inhalation of excessive concentrations of iron oxide may enhance the risk of lung cancer development in workers exposed to pulmonary carcinogens. LD50 (oral, rat) =30 gm/kg. (LD50: Lethal dose 50. Single dose of a substance that causes the death of 50% of an animal population from exposure to the substance by any route other than inhalation. Usually expressed as milligrams or grams of material per kilogram of animal weight (mg/kg or g/kg).)
A more common problem for humans is iron deficency, which leads to anaemia. A man needs an average daily intake pf 7 mg of iron and a woman 11 mg; a normal diet will generally provided all that is needed.
Environmental effects of iron
Iron (III)-O-arsenite, pentahydrate may be hazardous to the environment; special attention should be given to plants, air and water. It is strongly advised not to let the chemical enter into the environment because it persists in the environment.
Read more on iron in water
Back to the periodic table of elements.
Back to the periodic table of elements.
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